Appeal Bond in Mendez v. Westminster
3/30/1946
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This appeal bond states that the defendants (the schools) filed notice of appeal and that they would pay the costs if their appeal was dismissed or the judgment affirmed. The schools appealed U.S. District Court Judge Paul J. McCormick's decision in the landmark case Mendez v. Westminster School District that barred schools in Orange County, California, from segregating students on the basis of race.
In the Fall of 1944, Gonzalo and Felicitas Mendez had tried to enroll their children in the Main Street School in Orange County, which Gonzalo had attended as a child. However, the school district had redrawn boundary lines that excluded Mexican neighborhoods. The Mendez children were assigned to Hoover Elementary School, which was established for Mexican children.
Other Orange County Latino parents faced similar situations with their children. With the help of the United Latin American Citizens (LUCAC), they joined with the Mendez family and sued four local school districts – Westminster, Garden Grove, and El Modeno School Districts and the City of Santa Ana – for segregating their children and 5,000 others. The petition from the parents stated that the schools were violating students' civil rights by segregating students of "Mexican and Latin" ancestry in separate schools.
Judge McCormick concurred with the petitioners, issuing an injunction against the school districts' segregation policies. He stated that there was no justification in the laws of California to segregate Mexican children and that doing so was a "clear denial of the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment."
The school districts filed an appeal, partly on the basis of a states' rights strategy. The U.S. Ninth Circuit Court upheld the District Court ruling in 1947, and the Orange County school districts dropped the case. The case resulted in the California legislature passing the Anderson bill, a measure that repealed all California school codes mandating segregation. The bill was signed by Governor Earl Warren.
Mendez v. Westminster School District landed an important blow to school segregation in California. It underscored that the struggle for civil rights in America crossed regional, racial, and ethnic lines.
In the Fall of 1944, Gonzalo and Felicitas Mendez had tried to enroll their children in the Main Street School in Orange County, which Gonzalo had attended as a child. However, the school district had redrawn boundary lines that excluded Mexican neighborhoods. The Mendez children were assigned to Hoover Elementary School, which was established for Mexican children.
Other Orange County Latino parents faced similar situations with their children. With the help of the United Latin American Citizens (LUCAC), they joined with the Mendez family and sued four local school districts – Westminster, Garden Grove, and El Modeno School Districts and the City of Santa Ana – for segregating their children and 5,000 others. The petition from the parents stated that the schools were violating students' civil rights by segregating students of "Mexican and Latin" ancestry in separate schools.
Judge McCormick concurred with the petitioners, issuing an injunction against the school districts' segregation policies. He stated that there was no justification in the laws of California to segregate Mexican children and that doing so was a "clear denial of the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment."
The school districts filed an appeal, partly on the basis of a states' rights strategy. The U.S. Ninth Circuit Court upheld the District Court ruling in 1947, and the Orange County school districts dropped the case. The case resulted in the California legislature passing the Anderson bill, a measure that repealed all California school codes mandating segregation. The bill was signed by Governor Earl Warren.
Mendez v. Westminster School District landed an important blow to school segregation in California. It underscored that the struggle for civil rights in America crossed regional, racial, and ethnic lines.
This primary source comes from the Records of District Courts of the United States.
National Archives Identifier: 6277748
Full Citation: Appeal Bond; 3/30/1946; Civil Case File 4292; Gonzalo Mendez et al v. Westminster School District of Orange County et al, 3/2/1945 - 7/18/1947; Civil Case Files, 1938 - 1995; Records of District Courts of the United States, Record Group 21; National Archives at Riverside, Perris, CA. [Online Version, https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/appeal-bond, October 1, 2023]Rights: Public Domain, Free of Known Copyright Restrictions. Learn more on our privacy and legal page.
